Finance & economics | Dark commerce

Inside the secret oil trade that funds Iran’s wars

An investigation by The Economist uncovers a multi-billion-dollar, America-defying network

A Stack of coins on an oil puddle.
Illustration: Carl Godfrey

In a war with Israel, Iran would need money. Not just to buy weapons and keep its economy afloat, but to re-arm militias such as Hamas and Hizbullah. Many assume that, after years of sanctions, it would struggle. They are wrong. Every year Iran funnels tens of billions of dollars from illicit oil sales to bank accounts all over the world. This huge, secret treasure was used to fund Hamas’s attack on Israel a year ago, swarms of Russian drones in Ukraine and Iran’s own nuclear programme. It has already seeded many crises—and could soon fuel the mother of them all.

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This article appeared in the Finance & economics section of the print edition under the headline “How to defy America”

From the October 19th 2024 edition

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