Culture | From witchcraft to woke

How humans invented good and evil, and may reinvent both

Over thousands of years humans domesticated themselves

This illustration shows a dove perched on a branch in a dense jungle with green leaves. A black snake with red eyes and a forked tongue is coiled around the same branch, appearing to face the bird. The scene is set against a deep green background of leaves
Illustration: Patrick Leger

Trial by boiling water was not as bad as it sounded. In medieval Europe, those accused of grave crimes might be ordered to plunge an arm into a bubbling cauldron to retrieve an object. If they were scalded, that was God’s way of revealing their guilt. The chance of acquittal would seem to be zero, but 60% of those who underwent this ordeal got off. How come?

This article appeared in the Culture section of the print edition under the headline “How humans invented good and evil”

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